A modern version of a Javafx project (e.g. that created by vscode java plugin) is modular, and the plantuml jar is not modular - but can still be used if you add it to the --module-path.
You also have to edit the javafx project's src/main/java/module-info.java to contain
module com.example {
requires javafx.controls;
requires javafx.fxml;
requires javafx.web;
requires net.sourceforge.plantuml; <---
...
}
Unfortunately deploying a Javafx app that uses plantuml is trickier, as using jlink to create a custom jre for your javafx app will now fail, because it can't handle non modular jars. Unless the plantuml developers on day offer a modular jar, I'm not sure what the solution to this is.
I've raised an issue for this:
https://github.com/plantuml/plantuml/issues/1446