That will depend on what webserver your container is using.
By default plantuml uses Pico, in which case just use the root url
https://plantuml.com/picoweb
Edit: looks like the docker version uses Jetty - and I don't think there is an OOTB healthcheck there:
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/issues/5920
A check for a 200 HTTP Status Code response on the root page is probably going to be the way