Rather than replicate the chart shown in Stevens TCPIP reference let me capture the essence of his message.
Attempt 1
@startuml
title TCP/IP Data Encapsulation
participant "Application Layer" as App
participant "Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)" as Transport
participant "Internet Layer (IP)" as Internet
participant "Network Access Layer" as Network
App -> Transport : Data
Transport -> Transport : Add TCP/UDP Header (Segment/Datagram)
Transport -> Internet : Pass Segment/Datagram
Internet -> Internet : Add IP Header (Packet)
Internet -> Network : Pass Packet
Network -> Network : Add Frame Header & Trailer (Frame)
Network -> "Physical Medium" : Transmit Bits
@enduml
Attempt 2
@startuml
title TCP/IP Data Encapsulation
package "Application Layer" {
[Application Data]
}
package "Transport Layer" {
[Segment]
[Application Data] --> [Segment] : Encapsulation
}
package "Internet Layer" {
[Packet]
[Segment] --> [Packet] : Encapsulation
}
package "Network Access Layer" {
[Frame]
[Packet] --> [Frame] : Encapsulation
}
[Frame] --> "Physical Medium" : Transmission
@enduml
Attempt 3
@startuml
skinparam monochrome true
skinparam shadowing false
rectangle "Application Data" as AppData
rectangle "TCP Header" as TCPHeader
rectangle "IP Header" as IPHeader
rectangle "Ethernet Header" as EthernetHeader
rectangle "Ethernet Trailer (FCS)" as EthernetTrailer
AppData --> TCPHeader : Encapsulation
TCPHeader --> IPHeader : Encapsulation
IPHeader --> EthernetHeader : Encapsulation
EthernetHeader --> EthernetTrailer : Encapsulation
note right of AppData
Application Layer Data
e.g., HTTP, FTP, etc.
end note
note right of TCPHeader
TCP Segment
- Source Port
- Destination Port
- Sequence Number
- Acknowledgement Number
- Flags (SYN, ACK, FIN, etc.)
- Checksum
- ...
end note
note right of IPHeader
IP Datagram
- Source IP Address
- Destination IP Address
- Protocol (TCP)
- Time-to-Live (TTL)
- ...
end note
note right of EthernetHeader
Ethernet Frame
- Destination MAC Address
- Source MAC Address
- EtherType (IP)
end note
note right of EthernetTrailer
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
- Error Detection
end note
rectangle "Data Link Layer (Ethernet)" as DataLink {
rectangle "Physical Layer (Cable)" as Physical
EthernetHeader -- Physical
EthernetTrailer -- Physical
IPHeader -- Physical
}
rectangle "Network Layer (IP)" as Network {
IPHeader -- DataLink
TCPHeader -- DataLink
}
rectangle "Transport Layer (TCP)" as Transport {
TCPHeader -- Network
AppData -- Network
}
rectangle "Application Layer" as Application {
AppData -- Transport
}
@enduml
